- The spatial metaphor gains stronger definition as a specific marketing of memory in situ.
- In many cases, descriptions of memory in spatial terms suffer from lack of specificity.
Pierre Nora
- Memory places/sites: the loss of colective memory by individuals living in contemporary societies. Memory is living, vulnerable, changeable, and connects generations through precarious rituals, traditions, and the acquisition of naturalized social roles, “history” is written, representative, durable, linear and factual. (3)
- Memory is founded on intergenerational transmissions, it is ultimately sustained by familiar bonds, oral history, and the linkages between family and nation.
- Seeking to recover a sense of the collectively shared past, individuals are forced to engage, not with each other, but with the austere lieux that surrounded them, to re-establish the personal significance and resonance of urban exteriors, including facades, monuments, parks, curves in the street and so on. (3)
- The spatialisation of memory as evoked by Nora’s lieux is a direct consequence of instability in our episteme of passing time Memory, like history, is spatialised.(4)
- It is tempting to evoke Nora’s overtly spatial descriptions of memory as a heuristic for navigating the expanded field of research into mobile and locative media. // Potential for theorising a geospatial memory of sites.
- Lieux de memoire to address questions of temporality, memory and identity from the vantage of mobile and locative media. (4)
- Memory work is necessarily individual, experiential and situated.
- A geospatial memory of location should examine spatial topologies to address the way in which locative media organises patial relations, and therefore to provide a semiotic outline with which to express the organitazional logic.
- Approach to the deterritorialization of mobile networks – marking place through multiple technologies of addressing, the network no longer depends upon specific geographies of location, but rather upon connectivity and movement. (6)
- McCollough insists that a civic culture can reemerge by retooling the environment in such a way that citizens-subjects can begin to physically and psychically forget the mediation of their devices to reinvest in placemaking activities that are responsive to the specific needs of their communities. // Transform smart city design initiatives into engines of collective memory.
- Evan: technological devices can reveal the world poetically rather that simply technologically. (2015:19) (8)
- Kevin A. Lynch: cities, like objectivised culture, are the product of relationships –relationships that exist not only between the people who inhabit a city space, who become familiar with it, but also those exhibited by the network of artifacts that materialise the city itself. (11)
- Capacity to be a canvas for the memory of cities, wether accumulated through walking, feeling and remembering, or indeed, through returning and documenting.
- Deep-mapping: multidimensional, multi-scalar, and multi-sensory approaches to exaine the surfaces of cities, to trace their perceptible and imperceptible changes, and ultimately to create a map that not only traverses different urban geographies, but one that also highlights the sediments of different timescales and forms of media. (13)
- Deep mapping accomplishes four methodological aims: puts old and new media in dialogue / recognises the tangible connections that exist between urban and media infrastructures / diversifies our single channel urban imaginaries / challenges the conceptual assumptions of media archeology.
- A geospatial memory of the urban ought to encourage deep mapping as a means of bringing further attention to the spatial themes persistently muted throughout memory research in general.
- The shift toward participatory models fueled by digital and social media, and the associated imperative of being constantly plugged into what he describes as a “new coercive multitude”
- The imperative to connect not only includes the demands made on individuals and groups to archive and document their everyday lives through mobile devices. It also includes demands made on organisations to digitalise their archival collections (15)
- The spacialisation of digital media stems in part from the deregulation of GIS and the subsequent effort to diversify the application of related technologies, such as GPS, LBS and social media platforms. (17)
- There has been a connective turn and that it deserves more attention in the scholarship on collective and cultural memory. // have created an entirely different online experience that could have been imagined prior to the integration of geo-locative technologies. (18)
- Spatial media encourage users to participate both in using and creating geographical tools like maps. They give rise to new actors, political and non political, who contest the authority of experts and expert knowledge, while at the same time amplifying cultural practices in ways that challenge experts to develop relevant methodologies. (18)
- Some have also pointed out that spatial media like GIS are significantly limited in their potential to create new narratives (19)
- Geographers need to reject the idea that maps in particular be judged by the territories that precede them. Mapping is a process of constant re-territorialisation. (19)
- Practives involving elements of geography are now broadly conceived as dynamic as opposed to static, made and re-made as opposed to unchangeable, and perhaps by performativity in the Derridean sense of actively producing the world through iteration. (20)
- Memory is understood less through the contested criteria of recollection as through an experienced process of the flow of time in which memories are actualized or worked up.
Referencias:
- Save as…digital memories (2009)
- Digital memory studies: media pasts in transition (2018)
- Andrew Hoskins