Jiří Pánek, Karl Benediktsson
- Crítica a los datos “oficiales” que solo se concentran en la visualización geográfica desde mapas institucionales y omiren las visiones comunitarias y emocionales. (Perkins & Thompson, 2005)
- Revisar tecnologías de crowdsourcing y “volunteered geographical information (VGI)
The concept of emotional mapping
- Emotional mapping enables the display of subjective, qualitative and bottom-up spatial information about the environment in highly hierarchical, quantitative and top-down GIS settings.
- The basis of emotional mapping is the fact that emotions, spaces and places are very much connected. Emotions are one of the defining characteristics of every human being and yet their presence in maps and spatial data is uncommon (Grffin & Mcquoid 2012)
- Geographers have described emotions as subjective, relational flows between places and people (Smith, Bondi & Davidson, 2012) adding crucial spatial dimension.
- Every location can evoke an emotion (Mody, Willis, Kerstein, 2009) and places can be felt to be attractive, boring, dangerous or scary, among other emotions (Korpela, 2002).
- Emotions provide a strong influence on how the environment is perceived and emotions have an effect on the spatial distribution of the perceptions (Zadra & Clore, 2011)
- “Emotional mapping” is maybe not the correct term, as it is not exactly “emotions” that are mapped, but merely perceptions or experiences from/with a place. (66)
- Emotional maps chart human feelings onto a cartographical landscape and allow users to devise and customise their own emotional landscape, choosing what kinds of thoughts or experiences, feelings or passions, to map (Perkins, 2009, 130)
- Critical cartographers have always advocated mapping as a space as people experience it, with subjective emotions as well (Pearce, 2008)
- Methodology: survey. Simple as possible: the respondent was presented with a map of the city, on which was asked to indicate good and bad places (positive or negative emotional connotations). Having identified those points and lines in the map, the respondent could add verbal comments that explained the emotional responses more fully. Finally, they responded background questions such as gender, age, use, etc.
- The most dedicated respondents located many more points and lines on the map.
Analysis of cualitative comments
- The comments from the respondents provide further useful clues as to what exactly engenders positive or negative emotions and opinions. These comments were read carefully and repeatedly and several common themes were identified. (69)
- All in all, the comments add considerably to the understanding of the subjective emotions attached to certain infrastructures or locations.
Lessons learned
- Heat-map function blurs the data and does not allow for the clear identification of hotspots [En qué casos se necesitan hotspots y en cuáles no? Yo no creería necesitar hotspots… pero cómo identificar la intensidad? preguntar de 1 a 5 la importancia de ese recuerdo en su vida?]
- The emotional mapping exercise confirms that this is an important part of a successful investigation.
- People are not only attentive to the instrumental qualities of their approaches to life but also aware of the diversity of emotional experiences. (71)
- Emotions and perceptions are a crucial part of modern cartography and a relevant source of information.
- As almost every place can evoke an emotional response, it is not only logical that maps are used to collect these emotional reactions. Maps also help communicate the perceptions and preferences in a space and with the tools of neocartography and web-mapping, they could become a new platform for participatory planning.
- With the democratisation of cartography as well as the internet and the rise of public participation, maps are becoming essential tools of communication between citizens and local authorities.
Referencias:
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Pánek, J., Pászto, V., & Marek, L. (2017). Mapping emotions: Spatial distribution of safety perception in the city of Olomouc. In I. Ivan, A. Singleton, J. Horák, & T. Inspektor (Eds.), Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography: The rise of big spatial data (pp. 211–224). Ostrava, Czech Republic: Springer International Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45123-7.
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